Overseas TV History

31 years ago today, a new era began in Portuguese television. SIC, the country’s first privately-owned commercial network, signed on at 4.30pm (local time). Here’s a behind-the-scenes video of that day (a sort-of tour of the channel’s facilities), showing how employees reacted to the historic moment.

At the beginning, SIC’s anthem clip is seen on the screens (with lots of animations made by Brazil’s Rede Globo, who held a 15% stake and, to this day, supplies the Portuguese network with telenovelas and series).

Journalist Alberta Marques Fernandes (who made her TV debut) was the first face who appeared in the inaugural broadcast, reading the very first news summary.

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Bits and pieces of CNN International (its European feed) from 1994, including a part of the day’s lineup (in Paris time):

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Another Martin Lambie-Nairn creation from the 90s… this time for French/German/European cultural brand Arte. The look, launched in January 1995, featured idents which reflected Arte’s unique strand-based scheduling, mixing specific genres of programming (cinema, theatre entertainment, classical music…) and thematic evenings focused on an specific topic (related or not to current events).

According to Lambie-Nairn’s book, Brand Identity for Television: With Knobs On, the new brand was a result of internal research made by the Arte board in 1994, which concluded that the channel was strong seen as “too cold, elitist and serious” (p170), not helped by low rating figures, despite a big level of money being poured by both French and German governments, plus the European Commission, as well as a near-universal distribution strategy (FTA satellite in both countries, plus a timeshare on the analogue 5th network in France terrestrially, due to the closure of La Cinq some months before).

Making things worse was the highbrow imaging commissioned by the network to French agency Gédéon, including some very creative idents produced by filmmaker Helène Guétary and with a soundtrack from producers Catherine Lagarde, Fred Leonard and Andrew Orr (imaging producers from French alternative music radio station Radio Nova at the time, now evolved as a separate company known as Novaprod/Nova Spot). This included the well-known moutons/schläfen, which has been a constant at Arte’s closedown for most of its history. Although the idents were critically acclaimed, won a number of awards and were even made as VHS tapes, the audience perception was as it was.

As a result of the research, Arte began asking European design companies to work on a rebrand of the network, including Lambie-Nairn. Given the work had to be done within a short period of time, each of the invited companies “had to make creative pitches”; something that Lambie-Nairn weren’t very interested; however, after convincing Arte to make a quick research to deliver a “strategic pitch”, the board was more than interested to follow this path; the findings made by Lambie-Nairn had to reflect a more broad view of European culture, including a more accesible approach to the concept and in a wider, friendlier concept.

The initial ideas by Lambie-Nairn embraced a pastiche of European products or characters: “the Perrier bottle was reworked as Arte […] Asterix became Arte” (p170-173). The report and this idea was the key to Lambie-Nairn getting the job, but it was quickly discarded, given the idea was too similar to a recent work Gédéon had done for M6’s advertising culture show Culture Pub. Lambie-Nairn quickly saw an approached that remained strongly focused on European brands, but “avoiding the use of copyright brands”, in a sort of spoof ads serving as idents. Arte’s board nixed the idea as “too commercial for a channel that carried no advertising” (p173).

After looking at Arte’s unique schedule, they took the idea of making the idents easy for the viewer by carrying in them “a slightly offbeat and intriguing character […] based around the idea of a man or woman in various dramatic guises illustrating the subject”. The idents featured “a mysterious figure spinning a luminous globe on his finger” (used for generic programming), “a futuristic person, half-woman and half-film projector” (for films, made in two guises, one in color and another in B&W), “a character as a metronome in a dress of sheet music” (used for classical and highbrow music), “another in bizarre costume” representing a curtain (used for theatre entertainment), another featuring a disguised woman flying over the space (used for news and current affairs) and a final pack “developing an imagen of a person as a tree”, designed for their themed evenings (filmed in three versions for current affairs, cultural profiles and for topical film sessions).

Another thing Lambie-Nairn did was to tidy up the Arte logo, dropping the “overly complicated” design in favour of a straightened up wordmark, coloured orange to make it “look warm” (p176). Alongside the tidied up logo and idents, Arte also introduced the channel’s unique angled “canvas” devices (often shown on a 4-degree tilt), being an important part of presentation and promo devices from now until 2012; the company also designed a presentation kit for Arte’s newscasts at the time, 8 1/2, a bilingual pre-produced newscast with no anchor (Arte Info/Journal wouldn’t being until 1998), plus the weather forecast after the programme.

In collaboration with the launch of the new branding, Arte released a promotional Eurodance track and an accompanying music video playing with the channel’s then-new branding; it was often aired on the channel as a filler when programmes ran out of time.

The channel’s new look would have a great effect on the brand’s future: it not only established it as a “trendy” cultural brand globally, but also will help on the channel gaining steady ratings increases (impressive for a minority-interest channel), a loyal viewership, and increased collaborations with public European and international broadcasters. It would also define Arte’s perception with viewers as a “centre for design innovation and excellence”, something that Lambie-Nairn himself had very successfully championed when delivering his work for Channel 4 back in 1982.

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These RTP2 idents from 1996 certainly have a Lambie-Nairn vibe! This branding was devised by an agency called Edson, led by Edson Athayde.

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I was gonna be a big fan of the UK’s Q magazine (available in all Australian shops as vintage imports), but, I wasn’t gonna tell something about Q TV 100px-Q_(magazine)_logo (based on a magazine brand). Launched in 2000 and closed in 2012, Q TV had started as a jukebox channel (same as The Box and other branded music TV channels there) until it became a rock, indie and alternative channel (same as MTV Rocks which is formerly MTV2 and VH2).

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Speaking of rock, indie and alternative music on the telly, there is another which is
Theamptv2003 which the slogan is “we just play good music” and which is launched in 2003 and closed in 2006.

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A rare example of an Australian TV campaign which has been often analysed: GMV6/BTV6/’s Living Your Kind of Life campaign, often attributed to be developed and composed by the Gari Media Group (then Frank Gari Communications), was also used by Hong Kong’s Asia Television, after it was renamed in 1982 following the acquisition of a stake from Rediffusion by an Australian consortium which included ENT (parent company of GMV and BTV), followed by another by the Chiu family.


Original version (from BTV6, sourced from the Australian TV Archive):

ATV (English/Diamond/World) version:

Face to face comparison:

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To add to that, ATV Diamond’s later, CGI ident in the late 80s was used in various US local stations, TV2 in New Zealand, and Channel 7 in Thailand - they’re all utilizing the same stock graphics package from Nashville-based Cascom.

ATV Diamond (they were under a sort of ‘identity crisis’ then - they didn’t have a standard symbol until 1990, when new shareholders came in and renamed it to ATV World):

TV2 New Zealand:

WRTV Indianapolis:

WRGB Schenectady - sponsor spot from its 60th anniversary special:

WBAY Green Bay:

Channel 7 Thailand:

And the complete Cascom template used, SIP III:

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Monday marked 32 years since the results of the 1991 ITV franchise round were announced in the UK. Here’s coverage from the BBC:

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When their competitor (TVB) is crushing you with names for their stations of “Jade” and “Pearl”, why wouldn’t you try and mimic it (the Chinese station became “ATV Gold” at the same time, before eventually becoming “ATV Home”).

Certainly a lot of tension about how much one tried to mimic the other; the evolution of the ATV news theme over the decades is an oft-quoted case in point (still keeping a vague signature similar to the 80s but trying to fly close to TVB’s one at the same time, especially in the 2000s/10s). How much it went both ways, I’m not sure, given TVB was in such dominance that they didn’t really need to.

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From May 1966, here are some pages from the defunct magazine TV Guia, with a small bit of the schedules offered by the Buenos Aires channels.






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A long ident (with relaxing music!), some in-vision continuity and a news opener from Flemish TV channel VTM in April 1992.

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Guess this goes here but overnight the early 90s US pilot of Countdown (Letters and Numbers) appeared online and general concensus is they didn’t actually do that bad a job at it.

Yes, it’s given a gameshow style makeover and they ditch the numbers round in favour of a “word scramble” bonus round meaning to new viewers it would just be a word game format, but it seems to work.

Obviously pilots are playing with fictional money but here they’re working on the basis of if you unscramble seven words (from 4 to 10 letters on a theme) in the bonus round you win $10,000 - whilst if you get a nine letter word in regular game play you get $25,000.

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And here’s the first hour of the station’s launch gala on February 1, 1989, including its first ad break:

And here’s how VRT reported on it:

The launch of VTM was a protracted one: it stemmed from a failed attempt by then Flemish PM Mark Eyskens to introduce commercial breaks on the networks of the BRTN (VRT); this led to an opposition from a consortium of nine Flemish newspapers, which saw the move of making a drain effect within the publishing advertising market.

These nine newspapers would later ask the Flemish Government for a license; this was made possible after the then-Community Minister for Culture in the Flemish Executive, Patrick Dewael, allowed the implementation of a region-wide cable TV network which would not only relay the BRTN networks and the pan-European satellite TV services, but would also allocate space for the launch of a national commercial TV network and regional TV channels, completely financed by advertising; the networks would only broadcast on cable (and other pay TV) networks, and continue to do so.

The license would be eventually given the following year, with Jan Merckx, a former publisher of many publishing groups in the region, serving as CEO. The publishers had little or no knowledge of the medium of television, looking help from outsiders; after a long search, Guido Depraetere, who had defected BRTN due to its cold work environment, and previously devoted an extensive study to how the American-style programming concept could be implemented in Flanders, was appointed program director, with his friend Mike Verdrengh as deputy director.

From the outset, VTM completely changed the landscape of local TV with a strong emphasis on a mom-and-pop programming style, featuring lots of American imports and populist programmes; this led to high ratings and a strong competition level, with VRT becoming the second fiddle on the ratings race. Further liberalization of the cable TV market led to VTM getting a second channel, Kanaal 2 (later 2BE and Q2), and slowly launching niche channels.

However, VTM would start to lose ground after the PSB began making a series of big changes which led to the massive Lambie-Nairn rebranding back in 1997. With the network losing ratings and its audience credibility taking, changes were made in August 2003, hiring film director Jan Verheyen and Bert Geenen to transform the channel’s content strategy. The resulting solution was to drop the dated mom-and-pop strategy, the old-style presentation and the long-running three-stripe logo.

Changes started to be applied in 2004, first, by dropping the American-style presentation from the news in favour of something much closer to VRT’s Journaal, and, on August 29 that year, the launch of a new, more European look done by French agency Gédéon, as well as a more “contemporary” programming strategy which increased its reliance on original content and popular European formats, and which has stuck since then.

Here’s a logo and ident history of the network (including sister networks):

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I recenly said about The Amp and Q (both of which are now-defunct rock indie & alt music television channels in the UK) in my last one, but, I’m gonna say that another now defunct UK rock music TV channel would have to be latest. Owned by both Sky and Sony Entertainment Television UK, launched in 2003 and died in 2018, Scuzz is the only Sky/Sony owned music TV channel that not only plays rock’n’roll, but also plays punk and hard metal. (Same as their competitors, MTV2 which is rebranded as formerly MTV Rocks and Kerrang!). The only show that’s went huge and now-
ended on there was The Mullet Man Show (a true underground icon).

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Three versions of the sign-on/sign-off sequence used by Brazilian network SBT from the late 1980s until 1996. The first had Giorgio Moroder’s song The Fight as its instrumental theme: Alan Parsons Project’s song Where’s the Walrus? was the secondary theme. There was also a third theme (used for some time): Cat Man Do by Herb Alpert.

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A compilation of idents and short bumpers from Mediaset-owned network Rete 4 used between 1999 and 2003, whose slogan was “Mettetevi comodi” (Get comfortable). This relaxing and elegant branding was designed by E&P Associates (English & Pockett) and the music was composed by Tolga Kashif.

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It’s 1980, and Nightline reports on the upcoming launch of CNN:

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A day in the life of an American local news operation, KING in Seattle, 1981:

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Almost two hours’ worth of CNN bloopers from the 1980s:

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